What should a pilot monitor during the descent phase?

During the descent phase, it is crucial for a pilot to monitor altitude, airspeed, and vertical rate. Monitoring altitude ensures that the aircraft remains at the correct height above the ground and conforms to air traffic control restrictions. Proper altitude management is essential for maintaining safe separation from other aircraft and for a successful approach to landing.

Airspeed is another vital parameter that needs to be closely monitored. Maintaining the appropriate airspeed is important for controlling the aircraft’s descent rate and overall stability, preventing issues such as stalls or excess drag, which can affect landing performance.

The vertical rate, or the rate of descent, is also a critical factor during this phase. Keeping an appropriate vertical rate helps ensure that the descent is controlled and within safe parameters for the approach to landing. A rate that is too steep could result in insufficient altitude during the final approach, while a rate that is too shallow could extend the descent unnecessarily and lead to a mismanaged approach profile.

Together, monitoring these three elements helps ensure a smooth and safe descent, preparing the pilot for landing while adhering to operational procedures and safety regulations.