What is the function of the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)?

The Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) has a critical role in aviation safety by alerting the flight crew about the risk of potential terrain collisions. This system actively monitors the aircraft's altitude and its proximity to the ground or other obstacles. When it detects that the aircraft is in danger of flying too close to the terrain, it issues alarms to the crew, allowing them to take corrective action and avoid potential accidents.

This functionality is crucial for enhancing situational awareness, especially during critical phases of flight such as landing and takeoff, where altitude and proximity to the ground are paramount. The system uses inputs from various aircraft sensors, including altimeters and GPS, to determine the aircraft's vertical position relative to the terrain, ensuring that flight crews receive timely warnings that can help prevent Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) accidents.

The other choices do not reflect the primary purpose of the GPWS. The management of cockpit lighting, navigation assistance, and enhancements to communication with air traffic control are separate functions that pertain to other systems within the aircraft, such as the lighting system, navigational aids, and communication equipment, respectively.