What do pilots need to ensure during flight regarding weight and performance?

Pilots must ensure that the aircraft adheres to weight and balance limits during flight because this directly impacts the aircraft's performance and safety. Proper weight distribution is essential for maintaining control, stability, and maneuverability. If the aircraft is overloaded or improperly balanced, it can adversely affect takeoff, climb, cruise, and landing capabilities, potentially leading to situations that compromise flight safety.

Understanding the weight and balance requirements involves calculating the total weight of the aircraft, including passengers, cargo, and fuel, and ensuring that it does not exceed the maximum limit set by the manufacturer. Additionally, the distribution of that weight must be within specific parameters to maintain the center of gravity in an acceptable range, which influences the aircraft's handling characteristics throughout the flight phases.